Comparison between two laboratory tests for the detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in blood donors.
Keywords:
Transfusion, VIH, DonorsAbstract
In Latin America, it is estimated that the number of new infections by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has increased by 4.7% from 2010 to 2021, being an important public health problem and constant concern about the risks of transmission of infections through blood transfusions, which has led to the search for improvements in the screening tests used for the selection of blood donors. The objective was to analyze two laboratory tests for the detection of HIV in blood donors in Guayaquil in the year 2023. A study was carried out with an analytical design, of the type of evaluation of diagnostic tests, cross-sectional and retrospective. The total population of blood donors in 2023 was 756 adults and the census sample corresponds to 756 records of voluntary donors treated at the Blood Bank of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital in Guayaquil, whose samples were processed using the Nucleic Acid (NAT) and Chemiluminescence (CLIA). Of the total analyzed, they were male (93.6%) and the age group of 38 to 47 years was the most frequent (29.4%). According to the CLIA test, the prevalence of positive cases in donors was 8.6%, significantly higher (p=0.0003) than the seroprevalence found with the NAT test of 4.0%. The NAT resulted in 100% diagnostic performance in all parameters evaluated. This study provides important findings that contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiology of transfusion-transmitted infections in Ecuador and demonstrates the advantage of using NAT in screening for infections in blood donations.
Downloads
References
GBD 2017 HIV collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980-2017, and forecasts to 2030, for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. Lancet HIV. 2019; 6(12): e831-e859. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30196-1. PMID: 31439534; PMCID: PMC6934077.
Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades. Incidencia y prevalencia estimadas del VIH en los Estados Unidos, 2015-2019. Informe complementario de vigilancia del VIH. 2021; 26 (1). Disponible en: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance.html
Organización de las Naciones Unidas). Estadísticas mundiales sobre el VIH/SIDA (ONU-SIDA). 2023. Disponible en: https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/UNAIDS_FactSheet_es.pdf
Mocelin HJS, de Jezus SV, Negri LDSA, Borges BJP, da Silva AI, Maciel ELN. Barreiras e facilitadores do enfrentamento de HIV/AIDS e sífilis por venezuelanas residentes no Brasil. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2023; 47: e3. Portuguese. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2023.3. PMID: 36874149; PMCID: PMC9910314.
Tumbaco-Quirumbay J, Durán-Pincay Y. VIH/SIDA en Ecuador: Epidemiología, comorbilidades, mutaciones y resistencia a antirretrovirales. Dominio de las Ciencias. 2021; 7(3): 341–354. doi: https://doi.org/10.23857/dc.v7i3.1997
Liang S, Liu Z, Wang S, Liu J, Shi L, Mao W, et al. The genotype distribution, infection stage and drug resistance mutation profile of human immunodeficiency virus-1 among the infected blood donors from five Chinese blood centers, 2014-2017. PLoS One. 2020; 15(12): e0243650. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243650. PMID: 33347449; PMCID: PMC7752150.
World Health Organization. Global status report on blood safety and availability 2021. 2022. Disponible en: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/356165/9789240051683-eng.pdf?sequence=1
Aabdien M, Selim N, Himatt S, Hmissi S, Merenkov Z, AlKubaisi N, et al. Prevalence and trends of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in the State of Qatar, 2013-2017. BMC Infect Dis. 2020; 20(1):617. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05344-5. PMID: 32819294; PMCID: PMC7441652.
World Health Organization. Blood transfusion safety. 2022. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/health-topics/blood-transfusion-safety#tab=tab_1
Luz E, Marques M, Netto EM, Campos LM, Amaral S, Santana I, Marques EL, Brites C. HIV, HTLV, and Hepatitis B and C Infection in Blood Donors in Bahia, Brazil from 2008 to 2017. Viruses. 2022;14(11):2323. doi: 10.3390/v14112323. PMID: 36366422; PMCID: PMC9692744.
Ehsan H, Wahab A, Shafqat MA, Sana MK, Khalid F, Abdullah SM, et al. A Systematic Review of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections Among Blood Donors and Associated Safety Challenges in Pakistan. J Blood Med. 2020; 11:405-420. doi: 10.2147/JBM.S277541. PMID: 33173367; PMCID: PMC7646486.
Vera Giler G, Rojas Vera L, Alcocer S. Diagnóstico de laboratorio de enfermedades de transmisión transfusional en donantes de sangre. MQRInvestigar. 2023; 7(1):975-994, doi:10.56048/MQR20225.7.1.2023.975-994.
Wang M, Yu SH, Han ZZ. The utility of grey zone testing in improving blood safety. Am J Transl Res. 2021; 13(8):9771-9777. PMID: 34540108; PMCID: PMC8430061.
Niederhauser C, Tinguely C, Stolz M, Vock M, El Dusouqui SA, Gowland P. Evolution of Blood Safety in Switzerland over the Last 25 Years for HIV, HCV, HBV and Treponema pallidum. Viruses. 2022; 14(12):2611. doi: 10.3390/v14122611. PMID: 36560615; PMCID: PMC9787333.
Rebouças KAAF, Narici FM, Santos Junior MN, Neres NSM, Oliveira MV, Souza CL. Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmissible infectious diseases at a hemotherapy service located in southwest Bahia, Brazil. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. 2019; 41(4):324-328. doi: 10.1016/j.htct.2019.03.007. PMID: 31412988; PMCID: PMC6978536.
Chang L, Zhao J, Guo F, Ji H, Zhang L, Jiang X, Wang L. Comparative Evaluation and Measure of Accuracy of ELISAs, CLIAs, and ECLIAs for the Detection of HIV Infection among Blood Donors in China. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2020; 2020:2164685. doi: 10.1155/2020/2164685. PMID: 32855748; PMCID: PMC7443234.
Irshad R, Farooq U, Ullah I, Farooq A, Shah T, Gul A, Badshah A. Comparative evaluation and accuracy of Ict, CLIA and NAT for the detection of Hepatitis B, C and HIV in the Blood Donors. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2023;35(4):654-657. doi: 10.55519/JAMC-04-12757. PMID: 38406955.
Bhardwaj G, Tiwari AK, Arora D, Aggarwal G, Pabbi S, Setya D. Utility of grey zone testing strategy in transfusion transmissible infection testing in blood bank is of limited value. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2020;63(2):255-257. doi: 10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_404_19. PMID: 32317526.
Lindman J, Hønge B, Kjerulff B, Medina C, da Silva Z, Erikstrup C, Norrgren H, Månsson F. Performance of Bio-Rad HIV-1/2 Confirmatory Assay in HIV-1, HIV-2 and HIV-1/2 dually reactive patients - comparison with INNO-LIA and immunocomb discriminatory assays. Journal of Virological Methods. 2019; 268: 42-47. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.03.005.
Irshad R, Farooq U, Shah T, Gul A, Badshah A. Hepatitis B, C and HIV Exposure on NAT and CLIA blood examination methods at Regional Blood Centre Abbottabad. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2023; 35(2):285-287. doi: 10.55519/JAMC-02-11600. PMID: 37422822.
Salles NA, Nishiya AS, Ferreira SC, Rocha VG, Mendrone-Junior A. Detection of HIV-1 infections in blood donors during the pre-seroconversion window period in São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2019;52: e20180432. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0432-2018. PMID: 31141052.
Asamblea Nacional del Ecuador. Ley Orgánica de Protección de Datos Personales. 2021. Disponible en: https://www.telecomunicaciones.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Ley-Organica-de-Datos-Personales.pdf
Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador. Manual: Gestión interna de los residuos y desechos generados en los establecimientos de salud. Quito. 2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.36384/01232576.34
Vizcaíno-Salazar GJ. Importancia del cálculo de la sensibilidad, la especificidad y otros parámetros estadísticos en el uso de las pruebas de diagnóstico clínico y de laboratorio. Med Lab. 2017; 23(7-8):365-386. doi: https
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the rights to the articles and are therefore free to share, copy, distribute, perform and publicly communicate the work on their personal websites or in institutional repositories, after publication in this journal, as long as they provide information bibliography that certifies its publication in this journal.
The works are under one
